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Pedicularis furbishiae
''Pedicularis furbishiae'' (Furbish's lousewort) is a perennial herb found only on the shores of the upper Saint John River in Maine and New Brunswick. Furbish's lousewort was first recognized as a new species by Maine naturalist and botanical artist Kate Furbish (who named it Furbish's wood betony) in 1880.〔(Ecology "Natural Tourist" )〕 It is considered an endangered species in the United States and Canada, and is threatened by habitat destruction, as well as riverside development, forestry, littering and recreational use of the riverbank. It was formerly in the Scrophulariaceae family, the same family as snapdragon and figwort. It is now placed in the Orobanchaceae family.
Because it is endangered and endemic to the area, development projects have been restricted to preserve its habitat. For example, the Dickey-Lincoln dam, a $227 million hydroelectric project proposed on the upper Saint John River in 1974,〔(Portland Press Herald Stories of the Century )〕 was deauthorized by Congress in 1986 after years of study, because the dam would have flooded of Maine forest and severely reduced the lousewort's habitat.〔U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. ''Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project at Dickey, Maine: Final Environmental Statement''. Waltham, MA: U. S. Army Engineer Division, New England, 1981.〕〔(Kate Furbish Collection )〕 Some criticized ending the dam project to protect the lousewort; ''Time'' magazine called the idea "downright silly" in 1977.〔(In Search of the Elusive Lousewort - TIME )〕 While thought extinct at the time the dam was proposed, it was rediscovered in 1976 by C.D. Richards while doing surveys to determine the environmental impact of the dam.〔(Landownerbooklet12_copy.pub )〕 Since it was once thought to be extinct, it is considered a Lazarus taxon.
==Description==
Furbish's lousewort is not distinguished by large and showy flowers. The Nature Trust of New Brunswick says it "averages 75 cm in height. During its first few years of growth, it forms a basal rosette of deeply incised fern like leaves. Usually after three years the lousewort begins to flower, often from a single, slightly hairy and reddish tinged stem with a few branches near the top. Furbish's lousewort flowers are small, yellow and snap-dragon like. They are clustered in a short cylindrical head, and open sequentially from the lower to the upper-most between July and August." 〔(Furbish's lousewort - The Nature Trust of New Brunswick )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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